The math is pretty simple, you take a cartridge, like the 55gr V-max in .223 at.... let's use the mv achieved in a 16" ar, and it will give you a particular semi-repeatable terminal performance. That result, assuming all other things are equal will become more lethal by increasing the velocity, the diameter, or potentially the bullet mass. This increased lethality will give you a wider margin of error. If you could hit every coyote in the exact right place every time, we would all be shooting .17hmr, but you can't, or at least I can't. A .223 is perfectly adequate, assuming you hit them right where you should, within the margin of error for that round. If you increase the velocity or diameter, you're increasing the wound channel, penetration, or perhaps both, giving you the lethality you want with a less than perfect shot. For this reason, I shoot daytime coyotes with a 6arc, and I shoot them at night with a 6cm. Ive killed gobs of them with .223 and a dozen other cartridges, but for me, 6mm bullets in the 70gr-90gr range give me enough room for my own error that I can still have a dead coyote, even when the shot is less than perfect. Fur is worthless, especially in TN, so I don't care if it cuts them in half. I just want them to die where I shoot them..